Text 5 (Number 28-36)The term "romantic" has a rich history as an adjective. Its origins can be traced back to the old "romances" the stories of chivalry that were popularized by troubadours during the Middle Ages. It was used to describe the imaginative and evocative qualities that were typical of these works. In 1666, Samuel Pepys, the famous diarist, used the word to describe a castle as "the most romantic in the world." The term retained this general meaning until the late 18th century, when a group of German writers, including Schiller, Goethe, and Novalis, redefined it. They made cleardistinctionbetween “Romantic" and "Classical" literature, and this division was soon applied to all other art forms.The Romantics challenged Classicism by asserting that emotion was more important than reason. They insisted on the freedom of expression instead of the previous emphasis on self-control and elevated the imagination to a nearly divine level. The rise of the middle class as patrons of the arts allowed artists to make such claims. Painters and composers enjoyed greater autonomy in their careers. In essence, the Romantic movement granted them the artistic equivalent of a proclamation of independence.The Romantic movement held the Middle Ages in high regard, much like how theirforerunnershad revered ancient Greece and Rome. This fondness for medievalism was evident in all forms of art. In the realm of architecture, it gave rise to the Gothic Revival style. which was championed by personalities like A W.N. Pugin and Viollet-le-Duc. In literature, it found expression in the works of Sir Walter Scott, whose Waverley novels enjoyed widespread popularity throughout Europe. Additionally, it served as an inspiration to group of painters such as the Nazarenes and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, who sought to emulate the art of the medieval period.During this period, the character of opera in Germany, France, and Italy was unique. Beethoven's Fidelio gave rise to Romantic German opera, which was firmly established by Carl Maria von Weber. Weber's operas, such as Der Freischütz, Euryanthe, and Oberon, incorporated themes from fantasy and folklore. These works, along with those by Heinnch Marschner, paved the way for the monumental music dramas of Richard Wagner. Wagner's greatest works drew on Arthurian legend (Parsifal and Tristan und Isolde) or on the folk tales contained in the thirteenth-century Nibelungenlied.In France, Auber and later Gounod popularized the opera comique, which included spoken dialogue and generally light works, though not necessarily comic. Meyerbeer, a leading figure of Grand Opera, composed epic five-act operas featuring a host of spectacular effects that impressed the young Wagner whenhesaw them in Pans.In Italy, Rossin’s sparkling comic operas developed the bel canto technique, which emphasized the lyrical qualities of the voice over raw power, and paved the way for Bellini and Donizetti. Verdi, who inherited the legacy of all three Italian composers, treated historical subjects with a decidedly political slant, much like Meyerbeer.Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage …